The Atash Behram represents the highest and most sacred form of fire in the Zoroastrian faith. It is not only a symbol of light, purity, and triumph over evil (Angra Mainyu), but also serves as the spiritual heart of the Zoroastrian community. In India, this sacred fire is preserved in special temples known as Atash Behram fire temples, which are among the most significant religious and cultural centers of the Indian Zoroastrians, or Parsis.
Origin and Significance of the Atash Behram
The word Behram is derived from the name of the Zoroastrian divinity of victory. The Atash Behram is consecrated from a combination of sixteen different types of fire, including those from lightning, a blacksmith’s forge, and a household hearth. Through an elaborate and meticulously observed ritual purification conducted by priests, these fires are united. This consecration process may last up to a year, after which the sacred fire is enshrined in a specially designated chamber within the temple and maintained in perpetual flame.
Atash Behram Temples in India
Currently, eight Atash Behram temples remain active in India, the most notable of which include:
-
Iranshah Atash Behram in Udvada (Udvada, Gujarat):
Regarded as the holiest Zoroastrian fire temple in the world, its sacred flame was first kindled in Iran in 721 CE. Following the migration of Zoroastrians to India, it was transferred to Udvada, where it continues to burn to this day. The temple is not only a major pilgrimage site for Parsis but also a living testament to the spiritual bond between Iran and India through the Zoroastrian faith. -
Anjuman Baugarsath Atash Behram in Navsari (1765):
One of the oldest Parsi fire temples in India, it has played a crucial role in preserving Zoroastrian ritual traditions. -
The Four Atash Behram Temples of Mumbai:
Among them is the Dadiseth Atash Behram (established in 1771), which remains a central place of worship and community gathering for Parsis in India’s financial capital. -
Two Atash Behram Temples in Surat:
These temples continue to serve the city’s significant Zoroastrian population, hosting religious ceremonies in accordance with centuries-old customs.
Cultural and Social Significance
The Atash Behram temples in India are not merely places of worship; they are enduring symbols of identity, cultural continuity, and fidelity to the teachings of Zarathustra across a millennium of migration. They host religious festivals such as Nowruz, Gahanbars, and daily prayers. Beyond their spiritual role, these temples also contribute to the preservation and teaching of Avestan and Pahlavi languages, ensuring that the younger generations of Parsis remain connected to their ancestral heritage.
